Description
Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic that works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, altering how pain signals are processed and perceived. It provides relief from moderate to severe pain but does not treat the underlying cause.
Dihydrocodeine is a prescription-only medicine in the UK and carries risks of tolerance, dependence and addiction, particularly with prolonged use.
What it is used for
Dihydrocodeine 30 mg tablets are indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain. UK-authorised uses include post-operative pain, sciatica, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia and pain associated with certain serious medical conditions, including cancer.
It may be prescribed when non-opioid painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, have not provided adequate relief.
Side effects
Common side effects include constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth and headaches. Some individuals may also experience sweating, itching or low blood pressure.
Seek emergency medical help for slow or shallow breathing, extreme drowsiness, loss of consciousness, or swelling of the face, lips or tongue.
Dihydrocodeine can impair alertness and coordination. Alcohol, benzodiazepines, sleeping tablets, pregabalin and other sedating medicines can significantly increase the risk of dangerous respiratory depression.
Long-term or repeated use may lead to tolerance, physical dependence and addiction. Suddenly stopping treatment after regular use can cause withdrawal symptoms. Patients with respiratory conditions, liver or kidney impairment, or a history of substance dependence require particular caution. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding requires medical assessment.
Recommended dosage
For adults, the usual prescribed dose of immediate-release dihydrocodeine is 30 mg (one tablet) every 4–6 hours when required for pain relief. Certain UK-authorised 30 mg tablet formulations specify a maximum of 180 mg (six tablets) in 24 hours.
The appropriate dose depends on the patient’s condition, response to treatment and the specific product prescribed. Lower doses may be required for older adults and individuals with impaired kidney or liver function.
Tablets are taken orally with water, preferably with or after food. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration. Follow the prescribing clinician’s instructions and product leaflet. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or discontinue regular treatment abruptly without medical advice.
